..

[quote][cite] HardcastlePJ:[/cite]Funding application has been made to the USA DOE ARPA-E

This is an initiative offering $400M of funding for technologies that are transformational. It is looking for High risk, High reward technologies.

I will advise what progress (if any) is made.

In the meantime this thread is for friendly discussion about the CURLiTRON.

I am looking for a logo. Any ideas?

And maybe even a few slogans too.[/quote]

I won't comment on the curlitron itself, as this is another thread, and making up logo and slogan before having a real working and verified prototype is like having the cart before the ox.

Nonetheless you wanted an input, here it is : from the name I suggest an arrow in the form of a spiral, but the arrow going "outward" the spiral. Or something similar with the arrow base going bigger and bigger with a small thunder bolt in the middle.

CCCurlitron with Cs as shown or a curving Y or V gradiating from red at the bottom to blue on the left fork and purple on the right fork, where possible, to represent how the device starts with heat and produces cold plus electricity (free energy diversity) by arcing electrons.

I'll help anyone to mutually overcome 2LoT but I'll let the simpler and more powerful diode array beat whatever it can.

Aloha,
Charlie

..

..

I think I totally nailed the logo.
Yes a fat guy and the terminal font.
That's CURLiTRON

[url]http://f.imagehost.org/0763/CURLiTRON.jpg[/url]

@ Hardcastle,

I just wrote a post addressing your comments on diode arrays, thermionic tubes, and far IR photovoltaic cells on the diode array thread. This action should minimize any disturbance here while answering your objections.

Aloha,
Charlie

More betterer...

[url]http://img83.imageshack.us/img83/730/curlitron2.jpg[/url]

**edit
I think that girl got the face of Jesus on her arse!

[quote][cite] HardcastlePJ:[/cite]@ Quanten

I agree with horses and carts however Orbo set the precedent [/quote]
I'm not sure it set a precedent - vapourware has been around for a long time. It perhaps took the whole concept of "loads of marketing, no product" to a new, scary level.

Not sure you really want follow the Orbo "business model", as there isn't a shred of evidence the Orbo actually exists, it's just a logo.

[quote][cite] my_pen_is_stuck:[/cite]More betterer...

[url]http://img83.imageshack.us/img83/730/curlitron2.jpg[/url]

**edit
I think that girl got the face of Jesus on her arse![/quote]

Thanks, I just tossed my breakfast

>Not sure you really want follow the Orbo "business model", as there isn't a shred of evidence the Orbo actually exists, it's just a logo.

I don't know, it got Steorn $14M.

Very true. Sean is certainly on a very decent wage, especially for such a no mark.

my_pen_is_stuck:More betterer...

http://img83.imageshack.us/img83/730/curlitron2.jpg

Thanks for showing pictures of yourself and your missus advertising CURLiTRON but please don't call us as we just might call you.

Sean, on Product Branding and Development

'When all you go on is intuition,
You don't have to bring things to fruition.
Design a nice logo,
Avoid the example of Mylow,
And spend most of your time out there phishing!'

Like a pirate on a treasure chest bent,
Sean went after every investment.
Though nothing's been won yet,
He's sailed off in the sunset,
Leaving Orbo behind as a testament!

Will the device known as the Curlitron
vanish into nameless oblivion
Like an extinct dodo
Or the fabled Orbo
Or will it be mankind's salvation?

If the CURLiTRON does not work well enough, then consider diodes -->

Diode intro
[url]http://globalfreeenergy.info/2009/06/13/diode-intro/[/url]

Two years of extensive measurements clearly shows that diodes produce a DC voltage across a load. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise.

Given the recent discovery, we can now obtain at least 1nW per diode. Given present semiconductor technology, one single square foot diode array chip given sufficient air or water flow over the chip could produce over 10000 watts of power.

Such a chip would not require macro temperature gradients, and would work non-stop 24 hours per day, 365 days per year at any hospitable location. All solids at room temperature *always* contain ~ 1 billion joules of ambient thermal energy per m^3, and is sustained by the Sun.

PL

[quote][cite] Big Oil Rep:[/cite][quote][cite] HardcastlePJ:[/cite]@ Quanten

I agree with horses and carts however Orbo set the precedent [/quote]
I'm not sure it set a precedent - vapourware has been around for a long time. It perhaps took the whole concept of "loads of marketing, no product" to a new, scary level.

Not sure you really want follow the Orbo "business model", as there isn't a shred of evidence the Orbo actually exists, it's just a logo.[/quote]
Duke Nukem got the vaporware award a decenny long. Can't beat that. nuff said ;).

Duke Nukem was one of my favourite games.

[quote][cite] Adios:[/cite]If the CURLiTRON does not work well enough, then consider diodes -->

Diode intro
[url]http://globalfreeenergy.info/2009/06/13/diode-intro/[/url]

Two years of extensive measurements clearly shows that diodes produce a DC voltage across a load. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise.

Given the recent discovery, we can now obtain at least 1nW per diode. Given present semiconductor technology, one single square foot diode array chip given sufficient air or water flow over the chip could produce over 10000 watts of power.

Such a chip would not require macro temperature gradients, and would work non-stop 24 hours per day, 365 days per year at any hospitable location. All solids at room temperature *always* contain ~ 1 billion joules of ambient thermal energy per m^3, and is sustained by the Sun.

PL[/quote]Are you channeling CMB??

Paul is doing independent excellent work to develop diode arrays with a probable aggregate macroscale escape from 2LoT in the service of civilization.

Aloha,
Charlie

..

Well at least they help keep this thread on the top page and I personally hope that some at least of these "impossible" alternate energy sources bear fruit. From Orbo to Black light from LENR to general fusion and of course by no means least CURLiTRON

Hi Trim,

Perhaps I did seem a bit hostile and to CMB, I apologize.

I agree with Charlie on some things and applaud his (and PLs) resolute determination but I do not see the sense in denying logic. As you are aware from the paper I sent you I took the view of believing in the prior work of scientists that did not get a good result. Using the contradiction to see if there was a more fundamental truth.

Perhaps PL and Charlie may be pioneers but surely they need to explore new territory.

Their belief that 2LoT might be flawed is another matter. It raises deep philosophical questions that remain unanswered IMHO. If CMB or PL could perhaps consider 2LoT in detail with respect to diodes then they might find new areas to explore.

However I think that should be a new topic and I would be only too happy to contribute, as I am sure would Joshs.

I believe in Curlitron because it remains untested. Dr Fu has a device that is similar and to me it appears to work. Joshs snipes calling it the Futilitron may turn out to be correct but as others comment we need some solutions. I think that the World needs lots of Charlies, PLs and even me, because we are prepared to go against popular beliefs. We may be wrong but at least we are trying for all the right reasons.

I totally agree with the above, unfortunately my only way of contributing is to do the 'Euro lottery' and hope against all the odds (57,000,000+ to 1) for a monster win so I can fund what I think is the least silly of the wonderful 'whackadoo' alternate energy ideas.
Still if one thinks of the odds of being born as me with all the thousands of generations of particular sperm colliding with a ripe ovum and my ancestors all surviving childhood well 57,000,000+ to 1 doesn't seem that big somehow.

[quote][cite] HardcastlePJ:[/cite]CURLiTRON News

NOT diodes.

Charlie, I posted where you asked me to.

If you and PL want to stick with your dreams please do so on your own topic.

I will say just one more time. Diodes are not the answer! If they were it would have been done in 1980.[/quote]
Why make such a statement if you really wanted people to not discuss diodes here. Maybe you created the CURLiTRON as a distraction to get people away from diode research. The evidence is overwhelming that diodes produce a DC voltage. You're wrong about the 1980's -->

[url]http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/stillunknown/[/url]


[quote]The very simple nature of the experiments make it quite clear that anyone can do the science and see that there is no output.[/quote]
You have no idea about the TED effect. The DC voltage produced by diodes is extremely sensitive to external sources. Even the slightest disturbance resets the rectifying effect. If you can't understand why that would happen, then I strongly suggest you learn about flicker noise and modern flicker noise theory on non-linear semiconductor components. Furthermore, I'm aware of only five people in history that have taken the proper measurements to detect the DC voltage produced by diodes, and in every case there was a measured DC voltage.


[quote]The issue of rectifying johnson noise has been dealt with in detail by many, as have room temp photovoltaics. There is nothing novel about PL or CMBs ideas that I am aware of. [/quote]
You don't know what you're talking about. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise. Even the so-called genius, Mike Engelhardt, creator of LTspice by Linear Technologies admits that I am correct that spice mathematics shows that diodes should rectify Johnson noise.

If one allows the diode proper time to recover, they'll see that an LED (high Rz) will over 0.35 volts. I've spent ~ two years doing diode experiments. I know how to conduct such experiments. I've used various voltage meters from picoamp Keithleys, to electrometers that produce a few femto bias current, to Amprobe meters that have ~ 15 giga ohms input resistance, to dozens of other voltage meters. Experiments have been taken in countless rural locations from inside caves, to high canyons desert walls, to on a beach behind a 5 to 10 story high cliff. Further tests include placing the diode array inside a thick metal shield, and then burying that two feet down. The DC voltage output was produced through a fiber optic cable. The diode measurements were taken inside up to three layers of metal shielding (small, medium, large). Diodes were also tested inside an oil bath. The diode has always produced a DC current/voltage.

After reading your outright attack on diode research, and the fact that you have no working CURLiTRON model, I would advice people to stay clear of spending an significant time and money on your CURLiTRON.

If you still think you're false statements about diodes are correct, then lets make a business deal and see if diodes produce a DC voltage.

PL

Fighting talk.

HardcastlePJ,

Your big claims void of mathematics and references about diodes is unprofessional and unscientific. Maybe your claims impress the laymen. If that's all you do, then you're in the same classification as CMB. Lets see your mathematics on semiconductors.

I'll challenge you to a semiconductor mathematical debate any day. I can assure you that's one challenge you'll fail at miserably because the best conventional semiconductor mathematics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise. Trying to use 2LoT mathematics to model diodes is ridiculous. That's not how you model a diode. 2LoT is a system of averages on a macro scale that is inaccurate at the microscopic scale-- reference: Landau, L.D.; Lifshitz, E.M. (1996), Statistical Physics Part 1, Butterworth Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-3372-7, a University textbook! Please see my web page on semiconductor mathematics -->

[url]http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/dirtydetails/[/url]

PL

Has anyone ever performed a numerical mathematical model on the proposed CURLiTRON? Is there an online schematic of the proposed CURLiTRON?

PL

The curkitron needs advanced fabrication techniques. I wish that the developers of advanced fabrication techniques whould be more open to exersizing their skill by helping produce a wide variety of nanostructures as part of investigating nature. Comming fron the other direction though, many proposed devices can be shown to have promise with rough initial steps. Test and measurment equipment and techniques continue to improve (though the artificial electromagnetic background continues to increase too). Inventors have to grow their resource network until something happens.

Aloha,
Charlie

There goes the neighborhood, do I have anything constructive to offer?, no, I thought I'd stay with the thread theme.

The theme is bemoaning fate?

Aloha,
Charlie

"You don't know what you're talking about. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise. Even the so-called genius, Mike Engelhardt, creator of LTspice by Linear Technologies admits that I am correct that spice mathematics shows that diodes should rectify Johnson noise."

PL, someday you will drown in your own shit.

Charles M Brown:The theme is bemoaning fate?

Aloha,
Charlie

Nothing constructive to offer, I know your brain is off in cloud cuckoo land but even you can see there is nothing constructive in this thread, it's all talk no action as usual, just thought I'd join the party.

It's like those Youtube demostrations where 99% of the video is devoted to speaking about how the 5/8th screw fitted in a particular location, seriously, shut the fuck up and show something.

[quote][cite] RunningBare:[/cite]It's like those Youtube demostrations where 99% of the video is devoted to speaking about how the 5/8th screw fitted in a particular location, seriously, shut the fuck up and show something.[/quote]
Who are you talking too? I'll demonstrate my LED and photodiode experiments to any conventional scientists. Get one! Any day!!

[quote][cite] Adios:[/cite][quote][cite] HardcastlePJ:[/cite]CURLiTRON News

NOT diodes.

Charlie, I posted where you asked me to.

If you and PL want to stick with your dreams please do so on your own topic.

I will say just one more time. Diodes are not the answer! If they were it would have been done in 1980.[/quote]
Why make such a statement if you really wanted people to not discuss diodes here. Maybe you created the CURLiTRON as a distraction to get people away from diode research. The evidence is overwhelming that diodes produce a DC voltage. You're wrong about the 1980's -->

[url]http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/stillunknown/[/url]


[quote]The very simple nature of the experiments make it quite clear that anyone can do the science and see that there is no output.[/quote]
You have no idea about the TED effect. The DC voltage produced by diodes is extremely sensitive to external sources. Even the slightest disturbance resets the rectifying effect. If you can't understand why that would happen, then I strongly suggest you learn about flicker noise and modern flicker noise theory on non-linear semiconductor components. Furthermore, I'm aware of only five people in history that have taken the proper measurements to detect the DC voltage produced by diodes, and in every case there was a measured DC voltage.


[quote]The issue of rectifying johnson noise has been dealt with in detail by many, as have room temp photovoltaics. There is nothing novel about PL or CMBs ideas that I am aware of. [/quote]
You don't know what you're talking about. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise. Even the so-called genius, Mike Engelhardt, creator of LTspice by Linear Technologies admits that I am correct that spice mathematics shows that diodes should rectify Johnson noise.

If one allows the diode proper time to recover, they'll see that an LED (high Rz) will over 0.35 volts. I've spent ~ two years doing diode experiments. I know how to conduct such experiments. I've used various voltage meters from picoamp Keithleys, to electrometers that produce a few femto bias current, to Amprobe meters that have ~ 15 giga ohms input resistance, to dozens of other voltage meters. Experiments have been taken in countless rural locations from inside caves, to high canyons desert walls, to on a beach behind a 5 to 10 story high cliff. Further tests include placing the diode array inside a thick metal shield, and then burying that two feet down. The DC voltage output was produced through a fiber optic cable. The diode measurements were taken inside up to three layers of metal shielding (small, medium, large). Diodes were also tested inside an oil bath. The diode has always produced a DC current/voltage.

After reading your outright attack on diode research, and the fact that you have no working CURLiTRON model, I would advice people to stay clear of spending an significant time and money on your CURLiTRON.

If you still think you're false statements about diodes are correct, then lets make a business deal and see if diodes produce a DC voltage.

PL[/quote]

The following page was updated a few seconds ago -->

[url]http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/stillunknown/[/url]

RunningBare:

Charles M Brown:The theme is bemoaning fate?

Aloha,
Charlie

Nothing constructive to offer, I know your brain is off in cloud cuckoo land but even you can see there is nothing constructive in this thread, it's all talk no action as usual, just thought I'd join the party.

Which is fair enough, as long as I don't have to read any more posts from you crying your eyes out that your own thread is being hijacked.

[quote][cite] nova:[/cite]"You don't know what you're talking about. The best conventional semiconductor mathematics based on quantum physics clearly shows that diodes must rectify Johnson noise. Even the so-called genius, Mike Engelhardt, creator of LTspice by Linear Technologies admits that I am correct that spice mathematics shows that diodes should rectify Johnson noise."

PL, someday you will drown in your own shit.[/quote]

Now there's a real scientist for you. Not! You don't do math, so how would you know. Please by all means show the mathematical errors -->

[url]http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/dirtydetails/[/url]

And while you're at it, show the errors in all of the Spice numerical mathematical models that clearly show diodes must rectify Johnson noise.

Sorry, but all these years you have been wrong. Diodes rectify Johnson noise. My measurement of 353mV (0.353 volts) that an *undisturbed* green LED produced on a 1.0uF low leakage capacitor as very conclusive. There is no mistaking 0.353 volts.

PL

Lets sum up the unique properly diode measurements?

Tom Schum: The predicted DC voltage was 0.5uV. The average from Toms measurements is 0.57uV. Given the recent analysis on Tom Schum's microvolt circuit, he has since stated that the measurements were conclusive such that there was a true DC voltage.

CMB: Claims his 1993 THz diode array produced ~ 0.1 volts across a 50Kohm load. That's his claim even though it is highly questionable if it's a fabricated claim.

A contact of Jim Dunn: Claims to have recently successfully created two diode arrays where both diode arrays produced a DC voltage.

An anonymous person on my old forum claimed that he and his senior EE replicated my 156 in-series SMS7630. He claims they measured a DC voltage under proper testing conditions.

Myself: Conclusive. I've measured up to 0.353 volts on the undisturbed green LED. The predicted voltage was 0.36 volts. The 40 in-series SMS7630 diode array produced ~ 1.8uV when loaded. The predicted voltage is 2.2uV. My 156 in-series diode array when loaded produced ~ 8uV. The predicted voltage is 8.6uV. My 5 in-series 1N914 diode array produced 0.5mV. The predicted voltage is 0.45mV. My IR photodiode when loaded produced ~ 9mV. The predicted voltage is 9mV. The predicted voltages are from an undisturbed diode that is immediately loaded. Also my recent IR photodiode has produced up to 23 pico amps.

That's five for five successful results.

PL

Don't worry RB, I won't stay here at steorn very long. I was forced to come here because once again CMB has been given incorrect advice on a diode array.

Lately, several people have asked why the TED effect is such a slow effect. Here's the best answer on my blog site -->

[url]http://globalfreeenergy.info/2009/06/14/explaining-ted/[/url]

PL

mrsean2k:

RunningBare:

Charles M Brown:The theme is bemoaning fate?

Aloha,
Charlie

Nothing constructive to offer, I know your brain is off in cloud cuckoo land but even you can see there is nothing constructive in this thread, it's all talk no action as usual, just thought I'd join the party.

Which is fair enough, as long as I don't have to read any more posts from you crying your eyes out that your own thread is being hijacked.

Crying?, I knew the moment Charles entered the thread it was lost, on this forum though there is no real loss, on this forum most of what spoken is meaningless, people like you and me come here to speak our minds, people like Charles, PJHardcastles and Adios come here to babble.

Thanks for dropping by Paul and telling us of the many successful diode arrays.

Paul, I hope that you now understand that I was talking about thermovoltaic cells when I talked about device properties that should also work that are different than those of diode arrays.

Paul, during your return, you have stated that you consider external capacitance as not part of a diode's junction RC time constant. This would allow diodes to be fabricated in parallel which is more elegant than fabricating series strings.

RE C CCurlitrons: I don't think any electronic device can violate COE even with clever magnetic fields.

Aloha,
Charlie

[url]http://home.att.net/~numericana/answer/demon.htm[/url]

[quote]
Wouldn't a perfect diode produce usable power from thermal electrons?

A device which would allow electrons to flow in only one direction along a wire would, indeed, let thermal electrons gather on one side of it. This build-up would create a difference in electric potential that could be used to drive a load. Thus, you'd have a generator whose energy would be ultimately derived from the heat of a single source, in direct violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

Such a device, of course, cannot possibly exist. It would be to electric potential what Smoluchowski's valve is to pressure. Both devices seem to work, until one realizes that they will eventually operate at the same temperature as the microscopic entities they are supposed to control (electrons in one case, gas molecules in the other). This makes them completely ineffective at equilibrium.

The characteristic of an actual diode (i.e., the current I through it, as a function of the voltage V across it) is always something like the following expression, known as Shockley's Ideal Diode Equation. It involves the absolute temperature T in a way that prevents violation of the Second Law.

I = Is [ exp ( qV/nkT ) - 1 ]

* k = Boltzmann's constant (in J/K)
* T = thermodynamic temperature (in K)
* q = charge of the electron (in coulombs)
* n = emission coefficient (typically between 1 and 2)
* Is = saturation current (proportional to the diode's cross-section)

kT/q is called the thermal voltage. It's about 26 mV at room temperature, increasing at a rate of roughly 0.1 mV/°C (25 mV at 17°C, 30 mV at 75°C).

[/quote]

I interpret this as meaning that the ideal diode equation predicts that one would observe a voltage of a few tens of millivolts at room temperature. Any comments?

Regards,
M.R.F.

[url=http://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0702/0702150.pdf]Has the Second Law of Thermodynamics Really Been Violated?[/url]

Abstract
Some works have appeared in recent accredited literature considering the possibility of macroscopic violations of the second law in simulated as well as really executed experiments. We argue the inexistence of such violations in experiments based on the so-called nonbias diode, demonstrating that the interpretation of the authors is flawed by a confusion between the concepts of thermal equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium. We also discuss an isomorphic experimental set up based on the evaporation-condensation of a liquid in a closed atmosphere.
Some critical observations are then made concerning recent attempts to reformulate classical equilibrium thermodynamics.

Interesting paper. The author distinguishes between thermal and thermodynamic equilibrium, and argues that current flows (electric or fluid) can occur in isolated systems without violating the second law. He also discusses Xu (Fu?) Yelin and D.P. Sheehan's experiments and papers.

Regards,
M.R.F.

The experimenters should see if current flows through a load resistor so power is expressed at the load rather than reporting the current flowing through a zero resistance "load".

Aloha,
Charlie

[quote][cite] Charles M Brown:[/cite]Paul, during your return, you have stated that you consider external capacitance as not part of a diode's junction RC time constant.[/quote]
I did not say that. What I said is that external Johnson noise is partially filtered by parallel capacitance, but the Johnson noise produced by the diodes own resistance is not filtered by such parallel capacitance.


[quote][cite] Charles M Brown:[/cite]This would allow diodes to be fabricated in parallel which is more elegant than fabricating series strings.[/quote]
So far all diode measurement data does *not* look good for diodes in direct parallel connection. For example, Tom Schums 32-parallel by 32-series 1N34A diode array should have produced a lot more DC voltage. So far it appears the DC voltage produced by the *entire* diode array is equal to ~ 10pA * Rz, where Rz is the diode arrays near zero bias resistance. The equation is Vout = 10pA * Rz. Each 1N34A diodes at room temp is ~ 50 Kohms. So a single 1N34A diode would produce 50Kohm * 10pA = ~ 0.5uV. By placing 32 of such diodes in parallel the Rz is 50.0 Kohms / 32 = 1.56 Kohms, which gives 1.56 Kohm * 10.0pA = 0.0156 uV. Then placing 32 of those in-series for a total of 32p x 32s 1N34A diodes the net Rz is 50 Kohms, which equals 50 Kohms * 10 pA= 0.5uV. The average DC voltage Tom Schum measured was 0.57 uV.

You might ask why diodes in direct parallel connection would not do so well. I've already answered this for you, but again, one possible reason is that the diodes in parallel cause disturbance to each other. Since we're dealing with purely random noise, Johnson noise, the DC voltage per diode would fluctuate. So one diode could be producing X volts, while its neighbor could be 0.8X volts. This will cause a reverse current in the 0.8X diode, which could slightly disturb the diode-- TED effect.

Some more examples, both of you SMS7621 diode arrays that you had Tom Schum build should have produced a lot more DC voltage if your theory on parallel diodes was correct. I would bet anything that I could get 10 of your undisturbed SMS7621 diodes to produce over 100 uV. Yet, according to Tom Schum, your entire 10-series x 108-parallel array produced less than 1 uV. The predicted DC voltage for you 108p x 10s diode array is 0.64 uV, which comes to 6.4e-18 watts on the proper load. Just one of your SMS7621 diodes should produce ~ 6.9e-17 watts.

PL

The external Johnson noise of an extensive diode array would be the Johnson noise of the load which would be unimportant.

The voltage of a group of diodes in parallel is the same for each diode. With many diodes it should be a steady voltage. The voltage should be reverse bias to the diodes. The reverse bias should supply little current to Johnson noise when it is reverse tending within particular diodes while forward tending Johnson noise can supply current to the group at the group voltage.

the 1N34s are not optimized for this application. I don't understand why the system voltage would decrease for diodes in parallel.

The current carried along a group of diodes in series is the same for each diode (not considering capacitance). This current is also different than what a free running diode would have.

We have to see if the power of many diodes can be aggregated.

Aloha,
Charlie

Paul,

Please correct your statement about my lost chip even though the example is so poor. The open circuit voltage was 100 mV, the voltage across a 50K ohm load was 50 mV implying 50 nW.

Aloha,
Charlie

Can you please keep this thread clear for my great Guru Philip Hardcastle, he will be finishing his ablutions shortly and may deem to answer a few points, so keep your hands in your pockets and think pure thoughts.